Superficial Meniscus tears

Ligament injuries (e.g., medial collateral ligament - MCL)

Patellar tendinopathy

Bursitis (e.g., prepatellar bursitis)

Osteoarthritis

Synovial cysts (Baker's cyst)

Chondromalacia patellae

Cartilage defects

Osteochondral lesions

Joint effusion

Patellar instability

Subluxation or dislocation of the knee cap (patella)

Iliotibial band syndrome

Intra-articular masses (e.g., loose bodies)